海洋浮游单胞藻在海产动物育苗中生产性培养新方法的试验研究

本文提出了一种在中继培养以后.以1∶1接种不施肥培养的新方法.此法能在两天内培养出育苗生产所要求的高浓度饵料液,饵料液的氨氮含量及三态氮总量较常规培养分别降低约70倍及10倍.可节省营养盐用量50％.此法适用于目前北方常用的几种海洋浮游单胞藻。     

复合酶法提取褐藻可溶性膳食纤维的工艺优化及其抗氧化功能测定

以褐藻为原材料, 利用复合酶提取法提取可溶性膳食纤维(SDF). 先通过单因素实验研究不同提取条件对褐藻SDF提取率的影响, 再进行响应面实验分析, 从而确定复合酶法提取褐藻SDF的最佳条件; 测定所得褐藻 SDF 的理化特性, 并测定其抗氧化活性. 结果表明:  最佳提取条件为m(固)∶V（液）=1∶25, 55 ℃的酶解温度、 75 min的酶解时间、2.2%的酶添加量, 该条件下得到褐藻SDF的最大提取率为38.15%,相对偏差为2.23%;褐藻 SDF 的持水力和膨胀力分别为 24.6 g/g, 53.7 mL/g; 对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH.）自由基清除率达75.77%, 对2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS.）自由基清除率在褐藻SDF质量比为160 μg/g时与对照组无显著性差异.       

Research progress on algae of the microbial crusts in arid and semiarid regions

Microbial crusts are attracting much interest in view of their possible uses in environmental conservation and ecological restoration of the arid and semiarid regions.Because algae play an irreplaceable important role in the early formation and the strengthening of microbial crusts,they are paid much more attention to than other cryptogams.In this paper,an overview of the current knowledge on the fine structure and development of microbial crust,focusing on the algal biomass,vertical distribution,succession,influential factors on algae,cohesion of soil stabilization,cementing mechanism for soil particles and the microalgal extracellular polymers is given,with particular emphasis on the authors' researches,and some prospects are put forward as well.     

4种淡水藻对硝基苯的抗性机制

选择了4种淡水藻——纤细裸藻、莱因衣藻、舟形藻和聚球藻，通过分析硝基苯对其生长和叶绿素含量的影响，以及藻细胞对硝基苯的降解、积累和抗氧化酶系统的响应，以期了解藻类对硝基苯的抗性机制．结果表明：4种藻的生长和叶绿素a含量对硝基苯的抗性，按抗性大小排列：纤细裸藻〉莱因衣藻〉舟形藻〉聚球藻，4种藻对硝基苯无显著的降解和积累能力，藻细胞对硝基苯的抗性主要依赖抗氧化酶系的防御作用，其中藻细胞的SOD起主要作用，POD起次要作用．     

Vidalols A and B,new anti-inflammatory bromophenols from the Caribbean marine red algaVidalia obtusaloba

Chemical studies of the Caribbean red algaVidalia obtusaloba have resulted in the isolation of two new bromophenolic metabolites, vidalols A and B (1, 2). The new compounds were discovered as part of an organized effort to isolate new naturally-occurring anti-inflammatory agents with a focus upon those which may function through the inhibition of phospholipase A₂.     

水华期水体中DOM组成及其消毒副产物生成潜能

以太湖水华期原水为实验水样,初步研究水华期水体中溶解性有机质(Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM)的组成及其消毒副产物生成潜能(DisinfectionBy-Products Formation Potential,DBPFP).利用XAD-8大孔树脂,将水体中DOM分离为亲水性物质(Hydrophilic Substances,HIS)、疏水碱性物质(Hydrophobic Bases,HOB)、疏水酸性物质(Hydrophobic Acids,HOA)、疏水中性物质(HydrophobicNeutrals,HOB).4种DOM组分的溶解性有机碳(Dissolved Organic Carbon,DOC)浓度分布情况为:HIS最高为10.2mg/L,占原水DOC浓度的72.86%.不同DOM组分的DBPFP实验表明,HIS的三卤甲烷生成潜能(Trihalomethanes FormationPotential,THMFP)和卤乙酸生成潜能(Haloacetic Acids Formation Potential,HAAFP)分别占4种DOM消毒副产物生成潜能之和的63%和31.25%,为主要的消毒副产物前体物.由于HIS为水华期水体中DOM的主要组分,且具有DBPFP高、不易在水处理过程中去除的特点.因此进一步考查了不同氯化条件(氯化剂用量、氯化时间、水体pH值)对HIS氯化生成DBPs的影响.研究结果表明:DBPs生成量与氯化剂用量及氯化时间成正相关.pH对HIS氯化生成THMs和HAAs的影响并不相同.在实验所选取的pH范围之内,THMs生成量随pH的升高,呈逐渐增加的趋势,而HAAs产量却表现为先增加后减少.     

基于自动站监测数据的广西廉州湾藻类生态灾害特征分析

广西廉州湾地处河口地区，藻类暴发性增殖的现象时有发生。为探究广西廉州湾藻类增殖的规律，本研究根据藻类暴发性增殖现象时存在溶解氧、pH值、叶绿素同步升高或降低的特征，对2015-2020年廉州湾海域运行的自动监测站和赤潮现场监测的数据进行统计分析。结果显示，廉州湾藻类暴发性增殖的现象主要发生在南流江、西门江至大风江入海口的近岸海域，暴发的频次呈现逐年下降的趋势。从不同季节来看，冬季和夏季发生的频次较高，但藻类增殖现象的持续时间基本未超过7 d。藻类增殖现象发生的频次呈逐年下降的趋势，这可能与南流江上游环境整治有关，反映出入海河流水质改变对近岸海域的直接影响。因此，持续保持陆地污染源科学有效的管理对廉州湾的生态环境保护有重大意义。     

2种海藻对氮磷移除效果及其生长特征研究

以三亚地区海水养殖场水体中的氮磷质量浓度ρ幅度为依据,分别构建秋季最高(26℃)与最低温度(22℃)下的氮磷质量浓度ρ梯度,以羽毛藻和齿形藻为研究对象,测定了2种海藻生长过程中降解和吸收人工海水中氮磷营养盐的能力;同时依据不同营养盐水平下2种藻类的光合作用强度对其生长特征进行了分析.结果表明:1)羽毛藻和齿形藻对三亚海水养殖场的氮、磷有很好的去除效果;磷的去除率随介质ρ(磷)的提高而提高,最高可达35%~40%;氮的最高去除率为26%~32%,随介质中ρ(氮)的增加呈下降趋势.2)ρ(氮)、ρ(磷)波动范围内基本不会对2种藻类生长产生明显的不利影响,但温度22℃、ρ(氮)150mg·L~(-1)的条件对齿形藻的光合作用和代谢作用可产生严重的不利影响.氮、磷营养盐质量浓度对这2种大型海藻在营养盐吸收和光合作用等方面有一定的生理影响,因此将这2种大型经济海藻大规模养殖进行原位生态修复富营养化海水时,应注意环境因子对其的影响.该研究可为这2种海藻的大规模养殖修复富营养化海水提供一定的理论支持.     

Optimization of strand and final electromagnetic stirrers of round bloom casters with multiple sections

Strand electromagnetic stirring (S-EMS) and final electromagnetic stirring (F-EMS) are the main methods used to improve the center porosity and segregation for round blooms. To optimize the stirring conditions, nail shooting tests were conducted for three sections of large round blooms with diameters of ?380 mm, ?450 mm, and ?600 mm. Acid leaching and sulfur print tests were used to investigate the shell thickness. Based on the results of nail shooting tests, a mathematical model of solidification was established, and the variation of shell thickness and the central solid fraction were exactly calculated by the model. By taking all sections into account, the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS were optimized for each section. In the results, the macro-segregation of various sections is improved after the locations of S-EMS and F-EMS systems are changed.     

通榆河浮藻制沼气试验研究

采用自制的1 000 mL厌氧发酵罐研究了经脱水的通榆河浮藻在室温下发酵50 d过程中产沼气量及其发酵物相关特性.结果表明,接种物与浮藻体积比为1 ∶ 2,TS产沼气潜力为365.44 mL/g,VS的产沼气潜力为372.13 mL/g,沼气中甲烷平均含量为61.84%,产气情况最佳.试验可以证明,通榆河浮藻可以用来发酵制取沼气.